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        <h2 id="信号的分类"><a href="#信号的分类" class="headerlink" title="信号的分类"></a>信号的分类</h2><ol>
<li>确定与随机信号</li>
<li>连续与离散信号</li>
<li>模拟与数字信号（模拟信号抽样是是抽样信号，时间离散，幅值连续。）</li>
<li>周期与非周期信号</li>
<li>偶信号与奇信号<ul>
<li>任何信号都可以分解成偶信号和奇信号之和</li>
<li><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/xZikVHqhLrt9jsfqm9tF*apEehjqHhHjXoraCGS3O3p0CCZAAiDoberOnRUoTbYsYqAOE05QOzbDgS245MM8sw!!/b&amp;bo=FQRdAgAAAAARB34!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>因果信号与非因果信号<ol>
<li>因果信号—-仅在自变量时间的正半轴闭区间 (0≤t&lt;∞或0≤n&lt;∞)内取非零值的信号。</li>
<li>非因果信号—-只要在自变量时间的负半轴开区间(-∞&lt;t&lt;0或-∞&lt;n&lt;0)内有非零取值的信号。<br>  反因果信号—-仅在负时域内取非零值的信号。\<br>  双边信号—-正负时域内均有非零取值的信号，可表示成一个反因果信号与一个因果信号的和。</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>实信号与复信号</li>
<li>一维信号和多微信号（描述信号的自变量个数）</li>
<li>能量信号与功率信号<ol>
<li>定义<img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/xZikVHqhLrt9jsfqm9tF*WYDujFZC0NXYfjE2zSK3ULzfv2zriCDnUCOSZpwl*1MxOg94Sg6Q6elgfIV4t3qYQ!!/b&amp;bo=BARxAgAAAAARB0M!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></li>
<li>能量信号：信号能量非零有限、平均功率为0、持续时间有限</li>
<li>功率信号：信号能量无限，平均功率非零有限。</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="指数与正弦信号"><a href="#指数与正弦信号" class="headerlink" title="指数与正弦信号"></a>指数与正弦信号</h2><h3 id="连续时间复指数信号"><a href="#连续时间复指数信号" class="headerlink" title="连续时间复指数信号"></a>连续时间复指数信号</h3><p>$X(t)=Ce^{at}$</p>
<ul>
<li>C和a都是实数的时候，是实指数信号。</li>
<li>a是纯虚数的时候，是周期信号</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="周期复指数信号的能量与功率"><a href="#周期复指数信号的能量与功率" class="headerlink" title="周期复指数信号的能量与功率"></a>周期复指数信号的能量与功率</h4><p><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/xZikVHqhLrt9jsfqm9tF*XA2mPlF18euOQwf0Fyvwj1*tSDcWwmmQFi16ouGHOHi1aDHEOlA0YoHKCuWUlTbuw!!/b&amp;bo=awQOAgAAAAARB1M!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></p>
<h4 id="一般复指数信号"><a href="#一般复指数信号" class="headerlink" title="一般复指数信号"></a>一般复指数信号</h4><p>C和a都是复数，那么整个信号相当于是阻尼振荡。</p>
<h3 id="离散时间复指数信号"><a href="#离散时间复指数信号" class="headerlink" title="离散时间复指数信号"></a>离散时间复指数信号</h3><p>$X[n]=C\alpha^n$<br>若$\alpha =e^{\beta}$那么离散时间信号与连续时间信号的基本形式相似。</p>
<ul>
<li>C和α都是实数，信号是实指数信号。</li>
<li>若$X[n]=Ce^{\beta n},n是纯虚数$，那就与连续信号时情况相同。</li>
<li>一般复指数信号信号状况相同。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="离散复指数序列的周期性质。"><a href="#离散复指数序列的周期性质。" class="headerlink" title="离散复指数序列的周期性质。"></a>离散复指数序列的周期性质。</h3><p><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/xZikVHqhLrt9jsfqm9tF*Sr0yywUz5vIHgG0TFv9xlkbcgSTQaFzA.cHms4g25fsOYA4uloDkrqEl6Wf6uxNEQ!!/b&amp;bo=LQSlAgAAAAARB74!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></p>
<p><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/xZikVHqhLrt9jsfqm9tF*Sr0yywUz5vIHgG0TFv9xlkbcgSTQaFzA.cHms4g25fsOYA4uloDkrqEl6Wf6uxNEQ!!/b&amp;bo=LQSlAgAAAAARB74!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></p>
<h2 id="离散时间单位脉冲与单位阶跃序列"><a href="#离散时间单位脉冲与单位阶跃序列" class="headerlink" title="离散时间单位脉冲与单位阶跃序列"></a>离散时间单位脉冲与单位阶跃序列</h2><p><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/xZikVHqhLrt9jsfqm9tF*YASXtfnZ3Geh1ekmmp7PxmKqS8xWIHaIVhIdmgRHxH38ajnuDPadB*1gDXXLG2Nfg!!/b&amp;bo=GQRFAgAAAAARB2o!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></p>
<p><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/xZikVHqhLrt9jsfqm9tF*cvyig89wvHb2sKaSUU9BGVTOFSOomSnB.prPJ*UCRuhw.7oNDaFYd*tTDRGfIWV4Q!!/b&amp;bo=HgSdAgAAAAARB7U!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></p>
<h2 id="连续时间单位脉冲与单位阶跃序列"><a href="#连续时间单位脉冲与单位阶跃序列" class="headerlink" title="连续时间单位脉冲与单位阶跃序列"></a>连续时间单位脉冲与单位阶跃序列</h2><p><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/9vuGDcz9AP*EJeMjs9i.nlAPAcECwox46kTOsPL1uYs1f5gmP9ZMzqwBuOVD.FBWHPOURAWfPxuFnp884g83.*I54p3dav*pq0oThT8I75s!/b&amp;bo=JASmAgAAAAARF6Q!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></p>
<p><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/9vuGDcz9AP*EJeMjs9i.nsRTD257EDuqPz8RS*zMq5ilrmZ9fWIBMvE3.ZwjJan7eioxzWEAUweA8RIKHJgLuPLLsVrmDtwPDY9kI15WpS0!/b&amp;bo=TQT3AgAAAAARF5w!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></p>
<p><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/9vuGDcz9AP*EJeMjs9i.nlIC*haud40FoouX1S3Q06hQhJ4pFWUuVY64Zi8QjkXcPBLh54PhYa1scW2wg1*4FRqWaNxhRmW.Txv84nsV4fU!/b&amp;bo=4QMIAgAAAAARF8g!&amp;rf=viewer_4" alt="alt"></p>
<p><img src="http://m.qpic.cn/psc?/V11NehB63qJi50/9vuGDcz9AP*EJeMjs9i.nuDitXWBqxFmpfbSzfhjVrIu1WDnuPn8hOps2v52hU5kxtm7UTMHeiCitsVuPbuIsQWMPG*C1HS9QemLZLaxa4g!/b&bo=XANPAQAAAAARFzE!&rf=viewer_4" style="zoom:50%"></p>
<h2 id="基本系统性质"><a href="#基本系统性质" class="headerlink" title="基本系统性质"></a>基本系统性质</h2><h3 id="记忆系统与无记忆系统"><a href="#记忆系统与无记忆系统" class="headerlink" title="记忆系统与无记忆系统"></a>记忆系统与无记忆系统</h3><p>无记忆系统: 系统输出仅仅决定于系统该时刻的输入.</p>
<p>记忆系统: 系统输出与系统该时刻的输入以及过去<br>的输入有关, 或者与将来的输出有关。</p>
<h3 id="可逆系统与不可逆系统"><a href="#可逆系统与不可逆系统" class="headerlink" title="可逆系统与不可逆系统"></a>可逆系统与不可逆系统</h3><p>不同的输入有不同的输出，则系统是可逆的，<br>且有逆系统存在。</p>
<h3 id="因果系统与非因果系统"><a href="#因果系统与非因果系统" class="headerlink" title="因果系统与非因果系统"></a>因果系统与非因果系统</h3><p>输出只决定于现在的输入以及过去的输入，则系统<br>是因果系统。由于与将来的输入无关，也称为不可<br>预测系统。</p>
<h3 id="稳定性"><a href="#稳定性" class="headerlink" title="稳定性"></a>稳定性</h3><p>当输入有界，输出也有界，则系统是稳定的。</p>
<h3 id="时不变性"><a href="#时不变性" class="headerlink" title="时不变性"></a>时不变性</h3><p>系统特性不随时间的变化而变化的系统是时<br>不变系统。</p>
<h3 id="线性"><a href="#线性" class="headerlink" title="线性"></a>线性</h3><p>齐次可加性</p>

      
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